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International Peer-Reviewed Open Access · Case Reports & Clinical Observations

Chronicles of Medical and Clinical Case Reports

Corrections & Retractions

Chronicles of Medical and Clinical Case Reports corrects the published record when an article is wrong in a way that matters to readers. The original article is not silently rewritten. A notice explains what changed and why, and it stays linked to the article.

Correction

A correction is used for an honest error that does not remove the article's value. Examples include a wrong author affiliation, a mislabelled figure, a mistaken dose or a reference that points to the wrong paper. The correction names the article, describes the error and gives the corrected text or image.

Retraction

A retraction is used when the findings or the clinical account cannot be relied on. Reasons include fabricated or falsified content, plagiarism that affects the substance of the paper, publication without the consent required to identify a patient, or an error so serious that the conclusions should not be used. The retracted article remains online, marked as retracted, so that citations can still be traced. The retraction notice states who is retracting the article and the reason, without unnecessary detail about individuals.

Expression of concern

If a serious question has been raised and the investigation is not finished, the editors may publish an expression of concern. It tells readers that the article is under review and is replaced by a correction or a retraction when the outcome is known.

How to raise a concern

Authors who find an error in their own article should write to the editorial office as soon as they notice it. Readers may report a concern through the contact form, with the article title, the passage or figure involved, and any supporting sources. The editors consider the evidence before deciding. A request to remove an article only because the authors have changed their minds, without an error in the record, is not granted.